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Oct
5th

Using HTML Tag Attributes: How to Correctly Use Attributes and Tags in HTML

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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HTML tags are the basis for web page design. For more flexibility in designing HTML were defined attributes for HTML tags to change the behaviour of a specific HTML tags. There are many cases when designing a web page if you want to change the default behaviour of tags. For example, you could change the background colour of the entire page or a section of the page. You can change the alignment of some text or a unique style for the representation of a tag.

Here are some examples of HTML attributes

HTML tag is used to change the background colour or image for the whole body from a website. Understand that browser displays the contents of the body tag on the greater part of the site. By default, the background of browsers used when the tag <body Begegnung> is white. If you want a background colour other than white, use the bgcolour attribute. The following day will change the background colour of a Web page from the default white to gray <body bgcolour = “gray”>

If you want a picture, including the background to a web page, you can use the following code:
<body Background = / images / background.gif>
This example assumes that you have specified a folder on your Web server images, and in this case, there is an image called background.gif. In the case of an image in the background when the image is not large enough to fill the entire bottom of your Web site, the browser displays the image repeated vertically and horizontally to fill the background.

Link with anchor tag

The World Wide Web, the basic benefit depends on their ability to integrate documents and on the Internet so that users with a fast connection from one side to the other side. Linking documents to HTML via the anchor (<a>) tag. The anchor tag is not in itself sufficient to say, a link to the browser, too.

<a href = http://oursponsorssite.com> Visit our Sponsors </a>
This specific HTML code intimates the browser that the text “Please you should visit our sponsors” is the anchor text of a link. When the user clicks on the anchor text, it is referred to oursponsorswebsite.com URL.

Displaying an image using the image tag

HTML pages would be pretty boring without the use of images. The need to tell the browser to find where an image is a good example of how to use the HTML attributes. The images are included. Insufficient Similar to the anchor tag above example, the tag would be alone. The attribute image tag “src” is necessary to tell the browser where to display the image, as in the following example:

“/ <img src = images / logo.gif” width = “150″>

this block of code tells the browser to place an image in the document. The browser will be directed to the image file logo.gif from the images reach the top level folder for the document. You can also specify the width attribute defined in the day.


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Oct
5th

Create a Web page using HTML: Covering the Basics and Bare Minimum

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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This article describes how to create a web page using HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). You can use the steps outlined here with a simple Web browser and Windows Notepad. However, make sure you register with HTML files. “HTML”. Notepad appends. “Txt” extension

The HTML files contain structures known as tags. Tags, text, particularly left and right hooks around like <html> or </ html>. Note: Normally, there is no space between a colon and the text. However, the rooms will be used in this article. In this way, the tags appear as text and not executed as code from a browser.

<html> mark the beginning of the code and HTML </ html> indicates the end. They can also add tags to add an additional structure. Generally, the “head” and then “body” are mentioned in the section between the tags. Thus, our single file can be written as <html> <head> </ head> <body> </ body> </ html>.

1. Add a title to the HTML file. In general, the HTML files containing a title (Note: This is not the same as the header. “Head will be presented below in step 3). Title defines the text in the “title bar” of the browser display when you make a specific page. Titles are placed in the “head” (that is, between the header and </ head>). For example, one could simply file contains the following titles: <title> this is the title </ title>

2. Add content to the site. In step 1, we set the text in the title bar of the browser window appears. However, to display text in the browser window itself, we need (this text in the body section of the file In other words, between <body> and </ body>) tag. This can be done with the paragraph tag, <p>. For example, for “HTML Web Design is an interesting area. The developer shall install a functional and useful website,” We have <p> HTML Web Design is an interesting area. The developer is required to install a site functional and useful web </ p> in the body section.

3. Add a header. Then we add header content of the paragraph. Text header is usually larger than paragraphs of text. Use the “real” size can be defined by CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). Although not covered here, will be CSS in the Learning mentioned HTML – Part 3 – Basic CSS formatting “section. A header can be added to the lineup <h1>. Thus we can write the following headings : <h1> HTML Web Design </ h1>

4. See code page. In general, sites on the Internet containing the constructs above (together) with a number of other encoding functions. To see the HTML used to generate a page, go for it and the View “> Select Source” or “View>” Source option menu. Using the menu, try <title> research <h1> <p> and tags on a page.

The above are the simple steps to create a webpage with the use of notepad and browser.


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Oct
30th

The Four Essentials of Modern Web Design

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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We all know the web is quite a new medium, and in its current state is maybe around 14 to 15 years old. Can you think about the cinema or for that matter television when they are around 14-15 years? There are four essential pillars of the web designing namely valid code, accessible code, semantically correct code and separation of content and presentation. Each one of the four essentialities is not a complete solution in itself instead each of them together or collectively contributes for perfect and complete web designing.

Most of the products when manufactured are done with certain standards. And all the standards that are made or exist are there for a reason and it would highly unprofessional to ignore them. All the web pages whenever designed should invariably go through a validation test process following the W3C HTML validation service although there are a few web pages that are not able to clear these tests. If your web page is really not validating then there has to be some major reason for the same.

The site should at any point be easily accessible. Accessibility problem is majorly caused because of the discrepancies in the basics. Some of the most common ones would be that the title and the header should always contain the description about the specific page that is being displayed, the website should not only be accessible by the mouse but for surely by the keyboard as well, use the ALT for all the images and the SUMMARY for the tables in your web page, SUMMARY is quite similar to ALT tag which is used to describe the images and many more. Basically it is not difficult to achieve what we call the factor of accessibility it definitely requires certain efforts but surely saves a lot of agony to quite a many users. Therefore it is always advisable to make a positive contribution to the web by being World Wide.

We have often read that the code should be semantically correct and structured. But there has always been a major issue in the basic understanding about the semantics. Semantics basically refers to the relationships between symbols and signs and what they collectively mean. Every symbol or tag or sign that is being used in the HTML code should be able to depict or represent the correct meaning what it is actually meant to perform rather than just being interpreted as something else. For example, when using the <TITLE> it should describe the title of that particular page rather than displaying the title of the entire website, similarly the headers <h1> to <h6> should be used to chunk down your document into meaningful pieces rather than anything else.

Separation of content and presentation literally means that the HTML does not include any presentation markup which means that it contains nothing which should actually describe as to how it looks. All the instructions related to how it looks are included in the CSS. There are a lot of benefits of this approach wherein there is increased bandwidth, improved accessibility, faster download and allows the developers to work on the sites independently and concurrently. All these four pillars are the basic and the most important factors that should always be considered while designing the website.


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Jun
10th

Different types of URLs used in Hyperlinks

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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As discussed earlier, Hyperlinks are those elements of HTML which makes it possible for us to navigate through different web pages or to different locations within a single web page. They are also used for adding e-mail support in the HTML document. In fact, hyperlinks act as the backbone of a website. As these links are used to fulfill different types of needs and demands, the way they are defined in the HTML document varies according to the circumstances. Every hyperlink needs an address to the location where the hyperlink is intended to redirect us. Technically speaking, each hyperlink needs a URL in order to point towards another location. External hyperlinks points towards a webpage of a different website on the same web server, whereas internal hyperlinks point towards a location on the same web page or to a different webpage of the same website. He structure can be more complex if a hyperlink is intended to point towards a web page of different website on the different web server. In each of the cases the way a URL is defined differs. It is very important to understand and learn the different ways to write the URLs because each type of URL changes the meaning of the hyperlink. The syntax of the URLs decided whether a hyperlink is internal, external or it is an e-mail link. Below are some examples of most common ways to write the URLs, each changing the intended meaning of the hyperlink.

1) <A NAME=”bottom”>Bottom</A>

<A HREF=”#bottom”>Go to bottom</A>

This is an internal hyperlink which is redirecting the user at the bottom of the same web page which he is currently viewing. To make this hyperlink an internal one, note the way the URL is written after the HREF attribute of anchor tag. There is no file name or path to a file name before the # sign. This makes the hyperlink an internal one.

2) <A HREF=”welcome.html#hi”>

This is an example of a hyperlink which redirects to a different document of the same folder. This means that both the linked documents are contained under the same parent folder.

3) <A HREF=”hello/welcome.html#hi”>

This is a hyperlink which points towards a different document residing in a different folder. But, in this case both the folders whose web documents are linked with each other are on the same web server.

4) <A HREF=”http://www.yahoo.com/good/hello/welcome.html#hi”>

The above example represents a hyperlink which is pointing towards a different web document which resides in a different folder on a different web server. This makes the hyperlink completely an external one.

5) <A HREF=”mailto://queries@content mantra.com”>

This type of URL consisting of ‘mailto:’ protocol indicated that the hyperlink is linked to a mail server.

So, the way URLs are used, changes the purpose and functioning of the hyperlinks. In fact, how much information you should include in the URL of a hyperlink depends upon where the hyperlink is redirecting the user i.e. where the linked resource is is located.


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Jun
6th

Hyperlinks

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Hyperlinks play an important role in HTML. We always need to jump from one web page to another several times while surfing the internet. Hyperlinks make this task practically feasible. They redirect us to another location on World Wide Web once clicked. All the textual links on a web page which we click to go to another web page are hyperlinks. The most common attribute of hyperlinks is that when we roll over our mouse cursor on them, the cursor transforms into a hand with a pointing finger towards the hyperlink. Hyperlinks are also known as anchors. They mark textual data and images as a point which, when clicked, redirects to another web page, text or image. There are two types of hyperlinks in HTML:

1) External Hyperlinks
2) Internal Hyperlinks

External hyperlinks are those which points to another web page. On the other hand, internal hyperlinks are those which points to a different location on the same web page. Both the links are created by using <A> (anchor) tag. We can create the hyperlinks with the help of three attributes:

a) <A>, the anchor tag
b) HREF=””, which is used with the <A> tag
c) URL, which is used with HREF to tell the link where to redirect the user.

For example: to create an external hyperlink we can write the HTML code as:

<A HREF=”http://www.yahoo.com”>Go To Yahoo</A>

According to the above example, if you click on ‘Go To Yahoo’ text, you will be redirected to http://www.yahoo.com URL which is mentioned with HREF attribute.

Sometimes, we also need to jump to a specific location on the same web page instead of going to another web page. In these circumstances, internal hyperlinks are used. To create internal hyperlinks we have to decide the location and its name. Then, the name of that location will be used to jump to that location. When a particular location is identified, then to assign a name to it the ‘name’ attribute is used with the <A> tag. For example:

<A NAME=”bottom”>BOTTOM</A>

<A HREF=”#bottom”>go to the bottom </A>

In the above code, first of all we have assigned a name to the text BOTTOM as bottom with the help of NAME attribute. This text is written at the bottom of the web page. Then, in the next code we have specified that name after the HREF which will take us to the bottom of the page. One more thing which is to be noted here is that there is no filename before the # sign. This indicates that the link is pointing towards a location on the same web page.

Apart from external and internal hyperlinks, we can also insert e-mail links in the HTML documents. For this purpose, ‘mailto:’ protocol is used instead of http. For example:

<A HREF=”mailto://query@contentmantra.com”>Post your Queries</A>

According to the above example, if somebody clicks on the Post your Queries text, then the query will be submitted to query@contentmantra.com. For this purpose, after clicking on the link Microsoft outlook will get opened by default if it is installed on the system.


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Jun
6th

Images and Hyperlinks

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Images are an important part of web pages nowadays. There is hardly a website which does not contain at least one image. Images describe the idea and the concept in an easy way and more beautifully. They are used to enhance the user interactivity with the web page. Good images arrest the attention of the user and boost his interest in the website. Images can be used to say something, to make the website creative, to attract the user etc. One of the important ways the images can be used in a website is in the form of hyperlinks. Images can be linked to hyperlinks, they are used as hyperlinks and they can be used as the download links so that the user can download them via internet. When we use an image as a hyperlink, it redirects us to a new location, or a new web page or to another image. To use an image as hyperlink, first of all we have to insert an image in our HTML document by using the <img alt=”" /> tag. We can set the border, height, width and other attributes of the image as required. Once the image code is written, just add <a> tag before it and at the end of the code put </a>. This will transform the image into the hyperlink. For example:

<A HREF=”URL”><IMG SRC=”d:\my folder\image1.jpg” WIDTH=”300” HEIGHT=”100” BORDER=”10” ALT=”This is the main page”></A>

The URL specified after the HREF attribute will tell the hyperlinked image where to redirect the user when he clicks on it. This URL can be a path to a .html document or it can be the name of an image file also.

For example:

<A HREF=”image2.html”><IMG SRC=”image1.html”></A>

Or

<A HREF=”http://www.yahoo.com”><IMG SRC=”image2.html”></A>

We can also make a hyperlink to point to an image. It means that when the user will click on the hyperlink it will be shown the image associated with that hyperlink. The code for this can be written as:

<a href=”http://www.contentmantra.com/image1.jpg”>Click here to display image</a>

Whenever the user will click on the ‘Click here to display image’ text, he will be shown image1.jpg located at http://www.contentmantra.com. After the image is displayed, you can right click and save it to your computer’s local hard drive. You can also use the target attribute of anchor tag to tell the web browser where to open the new image. The most commonly used predefined values of target are _blank, _self, _parent, and _top. Each of them will open up the image or the document associated with the hyperlink at different locations. The details of all the four values are as follows:

1) _blank: This will open the linked image/document in a new browser window with no name.
2) _self: This will replace the current html page to show the linked image/document. If the original document which has hyperlink on it is in a frame or frameset, then the _self will open up the linked image/document within that frame.
3) _parent: It will replace the html page it came from.
4) _top: This will load the linked image/document in the current browser by replacing anything within the browser.

The use of the targets is not mandatory. They are optional attributes which may or may not be used with <A> tag.


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Jun
2nd

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Elements are the building blocks of any HTML page. Without elements no HTML page can be designed. Paragraphs, hyperlinks, sounds, images, embedded media, lists, font, headings and many others are the elements of HTML which help us to define the structure and appearance of the actual content to be displayed on the web page. All the elements can be classified either as Block level elements or as Inline elements/Text level elements/Phrase elements. In this article we will turn our heads towards the nitty-gritty of Inline Elements.

Inline elements are of two types: Presentational elements and Structural elements. The presentational tags define the actual appearance and design of the text. These tags describe how the text will look in the browser. On the other hand, structural tags are meant to define the structural markup of the text. Below are the some examples of both the Presentational as well as structural elements.

Presentational Elements:

1) <i>…</i> It displays the text in italics.

2) <b>…</b> It displays the text in bold

3) <u>…</u> It underlines the text

Structural Elements:

1) <em>…</em> Tells the browser to emphasize the selected text

2) <strong>…</strong> Tells the browser to strongly emphasize the selected text

3) <code>…</code> Tells the browser that the selected text is a computer code

Structural elements basically define the text functions on the web page rather than representing the appearance of the text. The way in which text will be displayed is up to the web browser. Thus, the structural elements are platform independent. This is in contrast to the Presentational elements as they actually influence the appearance and visual style of the text.

Inline elements are meant to format small chunks of data/text. All the inline elements are nested within the block elements. Below is a list of some of the frequently used inline elements:

1. a – Anchor, used to create a link to another page in HTML.
2. abbr – Represents an abbreviation.
3. acronym – Denotes an acronym.
4. b – Makes the text bold
5. br – Break, it is similar to a carriage return
6. code – Denotes computer program code.
7. dfn – Denotes a definition.
8. font – Used with various attributes to change font color, size, face etc.
9. i – Change the text into italics
10. img – Allows placement of a graphical image in the page.
11. input – Form input
12. kbd – Denotes information typed from the keyboard.
13. param – Used to add additional parameters to the object.
14. q – Used for short quotations
15. s – Strike through text
16. samp – Denotes a sample.
17. span – Used to set special style to specific areas of the page.
18. strike – Sets text to have a line struck through it.
19. strong – Denotes strong emphasis which is basically bold
20. sub – Subscript
21. sup – Superscript
22. textarea – A form for multi line text input.
23. tt – Sets text style to monospaced teletype
24. u – Underlines the text
25. var – Denotes a variable in a program.


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May
29th

Protocols used in HTML

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Protocols are set of rules which define how the two computers will communicate with each other. Technically speaking, protocols define the procedures and standards which form the basis of transferring the data between two computers. In HTML protocols are used in order to tell the web servers and clients how to upload and download the data between each other via internet. Different types of protocols are used in HTML depending upon the type of file and its usage. The most common protocol used in HTML is HTTP which is short for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP represents the basic information about the contents of the HTML documents according to their file name extensions. For eg. A file with .gif extension tells the web browser that its an image file and the browser processes that file as an image.

HTTP browsers don’t maintain a session with the web servers permanently. They retrieve a particular document from the web server via HTTP and then get disconnected. This means that while you view a web page, your web browser is not connected to the web server. When you enter a new URL or click on a link on the existing web page, the browser again connects itself with the web server, downloads the information and disconnect the session again.

HTTP was basically developed for handling hyper text pages over the internet. When HTTP is used, a series of operations is initiated to retrieve the information form the web server. Initially, when you type a URL in the address bar and hit Enter/Go button, the HTTP client (the web browser) makes a request to the web browser via internet connection. This establishes a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to a particular host on port 80 (because by default http service runs on port 80). The HTTP server listens to the client’s request on this port and provides the web page which is to be viewed.

HTTP uses TCP because a lot of data has to be transferred from the HTTP server to the client every now and then, and TCP gives surety of error free transmission of data. Besides HTTP there are other protocols also which are used over internet. Below is the list of protocols used for web browsers:

1) http:// It is used to retrieve HTML documents and associated files which
resides on the web.

2) file:// It is used to retrieve the documents which resides on the local
hard drive.

3) ftp:// It is used to upload and download the documents on an FTP
server.

4) gopher:// It is used to retrieve documents on a gopher server.

5) wais:// It is used to connect to a Wide area Information server (WAIS)
database.

6) mailto: It is used for sending e-mails to a specified address. It is not a
standard but it is supported by most of the web browsers today.
There is no need to put // with mailto:

7) news: Used to connect to a newsgroup or a specific article in the group.


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