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Sep
12th

Attributes of HTML Frames and Frame Types

Author: Editor | Files under Frames, HTML Tutorials
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Frames are used to divide a window into two or more scrollable sections. In each section different documents can be displayed or various parts of the same document can be linked together. Like any other HTML element each frame can be given a name, its dimensions can be set, its alignment can be defined, the borders and shades can be applied and finally a particular HTML file can be linked with it which is to be displayed. Apart from this some advanced operations such as defining the loading/unloading behavior, scroll behavior, style sheets etc. can be also performed on the frames.

HTML frames use the following attributes to behave in a particular manner and display the desired document:

• Name: It is used to link the frame to any addressable object. When a name is assigned to a frame then it can be targeted by the links in other documents. However it is not mandatory to use this attribute. By default all the windows are unnamed, but if you want to target the contents of the frame then the name attribute are necessary.

• Source: This attribute is used to display the desired HTML page in the frame.

• frameborder: This is used to set or unset the border between the frames. If the value of this attribute is 1 then a border will appear and if the value is 0 then there will be no border.

• marginwidth and marginheight: These two attributes are used to specify the frame margins both sideways and vertically respectively.

• noresize: It is used to restrict the end user from resizing the frame.

• scrolling: This one is used to define the scrolling mode of the frame. If its value is yes, then the frame will have a scroll bar. If the value is no, then the frame will have no scroll bar, and if its value is auto, then the frame will have the scroll bar only if the document size is larger than the frame.

Because of these attributes different types of frames can be created. For example:

• Static Frames: These types of frames are fixed and display only static documents. They are used to display that information which the user can see all the time, such as logos, copyrights, buttons, graphics etc. The user cannot affect the behavior of such frames by doing any activity.

• Live Frames: These frames responds according to the user’s input. They are very interactive in nature and generally contain interactive forms, videos, audio and multimedia content.

• Functional Table of Contents: These types of frames are used to display interactive table of contents on one side and when the user clicks on any topic the document linked to that link is displayed in the adjacent frame.

• Single Page Query and Answer Displays: These types of documents have two sections, one containing the query from which has to filled by the user and the other section displays the answers to the query interactively.

Apart from these, several other types of frames can be designed and customized using different attributes according to the requirements.


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Jul
10th

Formatting Text as Paragraphs in HTML documents

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Tutorials
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Whenever we prepare long documents we divide it into various paragraphs each expressing a different and complete thought. We also use headings, sub-headings, horizontal lines etc. and align various portions of the document in different styles so that overall it becomes more captivating and meaningful to read. In HTML documents also, we can apply these techniques to make the web page look more impressive and fruitful to visit.

A single HTML document does not have any end. You can write infinite number of characters and the page will still go on. In the absence of proper formatting, the web browser will show the whole HTML document as a single paragraph. So, we have to use different formatting tags at appropriate places.

Inserting Line Breaks in the HTML documents:

We can enter a new line in the HTML document by using <BR> tag. This tag does not have an ending part. For example:

<HTML>
Joe woke up this morning and ate breakfast. <BR> It was cold out so he took a coat with him to work.
</HTML>

Output:

Joe woke up this morning and ate breakfast.
It was cold out so he took a coat with him to work.

Breaking up the text into paragraphs:

In order to break up the long text into paragraphs, the <P>…..</P> tag is used. For example:

<HTML>
Web content writing is a phenomenon that lets you speak, convey the message and articulate your thoughts to the customers…well at the end of the day it also sells your services/products to the customers. Besides, web content writing services at Content Mantra ensure that you do not miss our basic things like having website content without any basic language errors, succinct in nature and in sync with the target customer. <P>Needless to say, our web content writing is original. Having catered to some of the largest corporate clients, we are embarrassed to say that time and again. It is something that is ingrained in the Content Mantra culture.</P>
</HTML>

Output:

Web content writing is a phenomenon that lets you speak, convey the message and articulate your thoughts to the customers…well at the end of the day it also sells your services/products to the customers. Besides, web content writing services at Content Mantra ensure that you do not miss our basic things like having website content without any basic language errors, succinct in nature and in sync with the target customer.

Needless to say, our web content writing is original. Having catered to some of the largest corporate clients, we are embarrassed to say that time and again. It is something that is ingrained in the Content Mantra culture.


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Jul
6th

More About HTML Images

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Tutorials
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HTML images as discussed earlier, plays a very important role in attracting the web traffic towards your web site. Images are those elements of HTML documents, which add life to the web page and increase its worth. Images and other type of graphics can be used in a number of ways for different purposes but there are some important things, which should be considered before using them.

Why to use Graphics?

The first and foremost thing is to determine that why you should include graphics into your web page. Is there actually a need to use them? This is very important because images make the web sites heavy and it takes more time to load the web pages. Secondly, if you use too much of images then the user will get confused and the main subject matter of the document will get lost. Thus it should be well determined in advance that whether an image is required or not.

What type of graphics should be used?

If there is a scope for an image in the web site then a proper analyses regarding its design, color, size and position should be done. The size and the position of the image totally depend upon the type of content of the HTML document. The color, border style and the contrast too must be selected keeping in mind the background of the web site. The image should attract the viewer and it should give a soothing effect. If there is an ugly image with dark colors, then nobody will like to visit the web page.

Some important rules to be followed while using the images:

• Before using an image, check about its copyrights. One cannot use company logos, images, patented graphics etc.
• Never use any kind of offensive or pornographic images.
• Don’t use those images which make web pages heavy to load.
• Choose the right format for your image. If you want to use animation then .GIF is the best format to use otherwise if you want good resolution then go with JPEG/JPG.
• Images should be clear enough to view.

About Image size hints:

Size hints are used to explicitly define the height and width of the image. It has two main advantages:

1) If a user has disabled inline images in his browser the size hints for the image are not given, then instead of the image a small box will appear which will spoils all the formatting of the web page. If you give the size hints, then a blank box of the same size as of image will appear. This will preserve the formatting and appearance of the web page as it is.
2) Image size hints let the browser to display the formatted content/text quickly and download the image side by side. Thus, the user gets the main content even if the full image is not there and does not sits idle.

Size hints can be used by specifying HEIGHT and WIDTH attributes of <IMG> tag. For example:

<HTML>
<IMG SRC=”Content Mantra.jpg” WIDTH=”300” HEIGHT=”250”>
</HTML>


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Jul
6th

HTML Tags and Attributes

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Tutorials
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HTML tags are the basic building blocks of a web document. All the elements which make up a HTML page itself are made of a starting tag and an ending tag. Without the tags no web site can be created. In fact all the HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage, Adobe Dreamweaver etc. use tags while generating automatic HTML codes for the websites. Tags are the heart and brain of an HTML document.

Tags have all the powers which design, control, maintain and edit a web page. A simple notepad file is transformed into a web page just because of the tags <HTML>…..</HTML>. Tags describe the nature of your document. It affects both the visual appearance as well as the background processing a web page. In order to increase the functionality, most of the tags also have their attributes. Attributes precisely defines the nature, behavior and the appearance of the text enclosed within a particular tag set. Different types of tags have different possible attributes. For eg: the tag <FONT>……</FONT> have some attributes like face, color, size etc, but the tag <B>…</B> does not has any attribute. Attributes are always used with their tags, not alone. However, the tags can be used without its attributes. In order to use the attributes you have to start a tag and within its starting section the attributes can be used.

Every attribute must be provided with a value. Without the values an attribute cannot determine what to do and to which extent. Like the attributes, their values are also used within the tags. They are separated from the attributes by a = sign.

For example:

<FONT Face=”Comic Sans MS” Color=”Red” Size=”10”> Content Mantra is the one best solution for all your writing and editing needs. </FONT>

In the above HTML code <FONT> and </FONT> are the main HTML tags. The Face, Color and Size are its attributes which have Comic Sans MS, Red and 10 as their values respectively. One important thing which is to be noted is that whatever content written inside the tags is only meant to format the HTML document and it is not displayed on the web page as the final output. Only the portion between the start tag end the end tag is viewed by the internet user.

HTML tags are of different types. Some tags are used to format the visual appearance of the content of the web document, some are used to define the behavior of the HTML elements and some are used to control the HTML scripts. The syntax to be followed while using different tags can be the same or different from each other. Some tags have an end portion prefixed by a / while some of the tags don’t require an end. Like the <FONT> tag do have an end i.e. </FONT> but the <BR> tag does not have any end.


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Jun
17th

HTML Forms

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Tutorials
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Forms are one of the vital elements of HTML. Today almost all the web pages are dynamic and interactive in nature. They are capable of receiving the input from the user and process it. As the e-commerce gained popularity, it became necessary for web developers to create web sites which are capable of taking the input from each user and update their records. For this purpose HTML forms were introduced. A HTML form is like a console where you can provide all the required information and submit it on the web.

To create a form in HTML, <FORM>….</FORM> tags are used. Below is the different attributes of form tag:

1) Action: It represents the URL which will accept the details of the user via form. If this attribute is not mentioned, then it means that the base URL will accept the form. Base URL is that URL where the form is located on the web server.
2) Enctype: It specifies the media type.
3) Method: It indicates the method that will be used for processing the action script. Method has two possible values. One is ‘get’ and other one is ‘post’. Get is used when the form does not make any changes in the database, hypertext or any other value. On the contrary, Post is used when after submission, the form affects the database, hypertext or changes any other value.

Example of form tag:

<FORM Action=http://www.contentmantra.com/submit Method=”POST”> contents of the form </FORM>

In the above example the Action=”http://www.contentmantra.com/submit” specifies the query program to the server on which the particulars of the form has to be submitted.

ELEMENTS of FORM

Form elements build up the contents, design and layout of the form. The different form elements are: INPUT, SELECT, OPTION and TEXTAREA.

A) INPUT: It is used to take input form the user using variety of tools and options. The INPUT element defines the graphical user interface of the form. Via INPUT the web developer can insert drop down menus, radio buttons, text boxes, check boxes etc. In order to specify the type of input, ‘TYPE’ attribute is used. For example:

• <INPUT type=”text” size=”40” name=”content_mantra”>
• <INPUT type=”radio” name=”radio1” value=”M”> Male
<INPUT type=”radio” name=”radio1” value=”F”> Female

B) SELECT and OPTION: It allows the user to choose one option form a set. It is used to insert drop down menus in the form. The OPTION element is used with SELECT in order to make the list of available options. For example:

<SELECT Name=”select1”>
<OPTION> Bangalore
<OPTION> Delhi
<OPTION> Mumbai
<OPTION> Chennai
<OPTION> Gujarat
<OPTION> Patna
</SELECT>

C) TEXTAREA: This element is used to take textual data from the user. The difference between TEXTAREA and INPUT is that in TEXTAREA the user can enter several lines (like while giving feedback for a product), but in INPUT the user can enter only one line (like his name). For example:

<TEXTAREA NAME=”feedback” ROWS=”4” COLS=”40”></TEXTAREA>

The ROWS and COLS indicate the maximum limit to which the user can write in the text area. Another important thing is that with each HTML form element, ‘NAME’ attribute is used. This is very important because while writing the scripts for the form these names are used.


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Jun
2nd

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Elements are the building blocks of any HTML page. Without elements no HTML page can be designed. Paragraphs, hyperlinks, sounds, images, embedded media, lists, font, headings and many others are the elements of HTML which help us to define the structure and appearance of the actual content to be displayed on the web page. All the elements can be classified either as Block level elements or as Inline elements/Text level elements/Phrase elements. In this article we will turn our heads towards the nitty-gritty of Inline Elements.

Inline elements are of two types: Presentational elements and Structural elements. The presentational tags define the actual appearance and design of the text. These tags describe how the text will look in the browser. On the other hand, structural tags are meant to define the structural markup of the text. Below are the some examples of both the Presentational as well as structural elements.

Presentational Elements:

1) <i>…</i> It displays the text in italics.

2) <b>…</b> It displays the text in bold

3) <u>…</u> It underlines the text

Structural Elements:

1) <em>…</em> Tells the browser to emphasize the selected text

2) <strong>…</strong> Tells the browser to strongly emphasize the selected text

3) <code>…</code> Tells the browser that the selected text is a computer code

Structural elements basically define the text functions on the web page rather than representing the appearance of the text. The way in which text will be displayed is up to the web browser. Thus, the structural elements are platform independent. This is in contrast to the Presentational elements as they actually influence the appearance and visual style of the text.

Inline elements are meant to format small chunks of data/text. All the inline elements are nested within the block elements. Below is a list of some of the frequently used inline elements:

1. a – Anchor, used to create a link to another page in HTML.
2. abbr - Represents an abbreviation.
3. acronym - Denotes an acronym.
4. b – Makes the text bold
5. br – Break, it is similar to a carriage return
6. code - Denotes computer program code.
7. dfn - Denotes a definition.
8. font – Used with various attributes to change font color, size, face etc.
9. i – Change the text into italics
10. img - Allows placement of a graphical image in the page.
11. input - Form input
12. kbd - Denotes information typed from the keyboard.
13. param - Used to add additional parameters to the object.
14. q - Used for short quotations
15. s - Strike through text
16. samp - Denotes a sample.
17. span - Used to set special style to specific areas of the page.
18. strike - Sets text to have a line struck through it.
19. strong - Denotes strong emphasis which is basically bold
20. sub - Subscript
21. sup - Superscript
22. textarea - A form for multi line text input.
23. tt - Sets text style to monospaced teletype
24. u – Underlines the text
25. var - Denotes a variable in a program.


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May
27th

Elements of HTML

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Tutorials
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Elements are those building blocks, which define the structure of an HTML page. Whatever we see on a web page is defined by the different elements of HTML. Elements decide the layout of a web page, its contents, the properties of the content and the position and behavior of every character that may or may not be displayed on the web page. Elements contain everything such as Headings, Paragraphs, Embedded Media, Sound, Images, Hyperlinks, Lists, Fonts and a variety of other structures that are used to build a web page. Each element in HTML can be defined using the Tags. Tags define the properties of the elements. To construct an element in a particular style we generally require four things:

A start tag
Any attributes and associated values of the start tag
The actual content which has to be displayed on the web page
End Tag

Most of the elements require all the four things mentioned above, but some of the elements require only a part of them. The use of attributes and associated values of the start tag is completely optional and it is used only when we want to add some extra effects for the characters. Some of the elements do not even require an End Tag. As you gain experience and in depth knowledge and expertise in designing HTML pages, you will get to know a large number of Elements some of which require all the tags and some, which do not.

HTML Elements are classified into two broad categories:

Block level Elements
Text level Elements or Inline Elements

Block level Elements are responsible for the construction of an HTML page as a whole such as Headings, Paragraphs etc. These elements contain several Text Level/ Inline elements and other Block level elements. Inline elements are contained under the block level elements and are used to format small chunks of data. For e.g. Images and Hyperlinks.

Various Block level and Text level elements can be used together to format the data/text to be displayed on the web page. Although you can use more than one inline elements in any order but it is not recommended. As per the standards the elements must be closed in the reverse order. For eg.

<B><U><I> Introduction to Elements</I></U></B>

The above order is correct. The elements B, U and I are closed in the reverse order i.e. last In first Out. Below is an example of incorrect style of defining the elements.

<B><U><I> HTML is good. </U></B></I>

The elements can be used more complexly according to ones need. Several different elements can be nested within each other if required because there is no maximum limit for using the elements. Below is a comprehensive example of nested elements. Just note their starting and ending order. The first one has been closed in the last.

<Body bgcolor=red><P><B>Welcome to HTML.</B> <I> For more info</I><a href=”html.com”>click here </a></P></body>

In this way the elements can take a form of different hierarchies and sub-hierarchies depending upon the structure of your web page.


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May
26th

HTML: Links and Images

Author: Editor | Files under HTML Basics, HTML Tutorials
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Links and images make the page come alive. For this you need to know about the common tags and the character tags along with their key features such as formatting tags. Before doing the tags one has to know about links and images. A basic knowledge of these is needed in order to make your page reveal your persona with the links and images on it .Let us first go through what are tags related to links and images

Links are the basic hypertext constructs, which help you to navigate from one resource to another either on the same page or between two pages. Images on the other hand are basically used in the background of the document or in the web page and maybe sometimes even in the logo. So the need arises to format this image or even add a new image. For all these purposes we need some tags related to images and links. When you use the tag <BODY> and </BODY> as tag then you are referring to the body of the text document. To change or edit the visited colour code you use the tag

VLINK=”#Colour Code” and

For unvisited colour code, you can use the tag

LINK=”#Colour Code”.

<A Name = “Label”> moves to the other portion of the web page. This link tag helps in navigating between web pages. <A HREF=”Item Location> helps you go to the destination marked by this link. So links are basically used to get two items or pages linked. This way documents are shared on the web.

You can use similar tags for the images too. Let us study each tag one by one. This is indeed a fun way of learning the HTML tags. You don’t need to be a master to understand this. Even basic computer knowledge is helpful to understand the tags. When you wish to import an image from its location, you need to use the tag
<IMG SRC =”Image Location”>. You can either align the text at top middle position and bottom middle or align it left, right and center. For this you use the tag

ALIGN=”Left, Right” and ALIGN=”Top, Middle, Bottom”

For alternative text you use the tag ALT while for bordering the image use the tag border. You can even change the width of the image in pixels by using HTML by using the tag WIDTH. Similarly, the height can also be changed by using HEIGHT. You may also decide the amount of horizontal and vertical space you require around your image by using the tags VSPACE and HSPACE. Now this is easy and you don’t need to be afraid of HTML programming anymore. Not that tags form HTML programming but they are definitely the basis for this programming and without understanding this you cannot move ahead.

Let us see how to add an image to your web page. You need to use the following command to add the image:

<img src=” . . . “>.

In the area marked by dot, as shown above, you need to place the name of the file containing the image you are planning to use to add the image.


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